# Trading Journal > A trading journal is a record of every trade you take, with the plan, the result and the reasons. Learn what goes in one, how it works, and common mistakes. Canonical: https://www.journalx.io/glossary/trading-journal A **trading journal** is a record of every trade you take: the plan you made before entry, what you actually did, the result, and why. It can be a notebook, a spreadsheet or an app. What makes it a journal rather than a broker statement is that it records your decisions, not just your fills. The point of keeping one is review. A single trade tells you almost nothing. Fifty trades with the same fields filled in can show you which setups pay, which habits cost money, and whether your results come from your method or from the times you ignored it. ## How a Trading Journal Works A journal entry is written in stages, at the moments when each piece of information is still accurate. ![One trading journal entry written in four moments, the plan before entry, the execution at the fill, the outcome after the close and the lesson at review, with the fields recorded at each step](https://assets.journalx.io/marketing/glossary/trading-journal/trading-journal-entry.avif) 1. **Before entry, the plan.** The [setup](/glossary/setup), entry, stop, target and size. The stop sets 1R, the unit every later result is measured in. 2. **At the fill, the execution.** Actual entry and exit prices, fees, [slippage](/glossary/slippage), times, and whether you followed your [trading plan](/glossary/trading-plan). 3. **After the close, the outcome.** P\&L in dollars and in [R-multiples](/glossary/r-multiple), how far the trade went against you and in your favor, and any mistake tags. 4. **At review, the lesson.** The gap between plan and actual, results by setup, the cost of each mistake, and one change for next week. Writing the plan first is the step most journals skip, and it is the one that makes the rest useful. Once a trade is closed, people remember their original intentions as closer to the outcome than they really were. Psychologists call this hindsight bias. In Baruch Fischhoff's 1975 study, people who were told how an event turned out judged that outcome more likely than people who were not told ([Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1975](https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.1.3.288)). A plan written before entry can't be revised that way afterward. ### What the review produces With enough entries, the journal answers questions memory can't: - Which setups have positive [expectancy](/glossary/expectancy), and which ones only feel like they do. - What your rule breaks cost, in R, compared with trades where you followed the plan. - Whether your exits leave too much behind, from [maximum favorable excursion](/glossary/maximum-favorable-excursion). - Whether your [win rate](/glossary/win-rate) is high enough for the targets you actually take, not the ones you plan. A [weekly trade review](/guides/the-weekly-trade-review-process) is where these questions get asked, and consistent [trade tags](/guides/how-to-tag-trades) are what let the journal answer them. A broker statement tells you what happened. A trading journal tells you why, and whether it was the plan or a deviation from it. Only the second one tells you what to change. ## Types of Trading Journal **Paper notebook.** Quick to start and good for writing down your reasoning, but you can't filter or calculate anything without copying it out first. **Spreadsheet.** Flexible and free, and fine for one account with a few trades a week. It gets harder once you have several brokers, partial exits or options legs, as covered in [spreadsheet vs trading journal app](/blog/trading-journal-spreadsheet-vs-app). **Journal app.** Imports trades from the broker, calculates statistics, and lets you filter by setup, session or tag. Options range from [free trading journals](/blog/free-trading-journal) to paid tools compared in [the best trading journals](/blog/best-trading-journals). The format matters less than filling in the same fields on every trade. For the step-by-step version, see [how to keep a trading journal](/guides/how-to-keep-a-trading-journal) and [what to track in a trading journal](/blog/what-to-track-in-a-trading-journal). ## Key Takeaways - A trading journal records the plan, the execution, the result and the reasons for every trade. - Write the plan before entry. Notes written after the close are bent by the outcome. - Measure results in R so trades of different sizes, markets and account balances can be compared. - The value comes from review, and review needs enough trades. Twenty trades of one setup is a start, not an answer. ## Common Mistakes **Logging only the result.** A list of P\&L numbers is a broker statement. Without the planned stop and the setup, you can't measure in R or compare setups. **Writing everything after the close.** By then the outcome has already colored the story. Record the plan before entry, even if it is only four numbers. **Journaling only losing trades.** Winners taken against your rules hide in a profitable month. Log every trade the same way, or the review will find problems in losers that the winners have too. **Judging a setup on a handful of trades.** A few losses in a row is normal for a sound strategy. See [how many trades you need to judge a strategy](/blog/how-many-trades-to-evaluate-a-strategy) before you drop or double down on anything. **Collecting data and never reviewing it.** A journal you fill in but never read is just record-keeping. Set a fixed weekly time to read it, and leave each review with one specific change. ## How JournalX Works as a Trading Journal JournalX imports trades from supported [brokers](/brokers), CSV files or manual entry, and calculates results in dollars and in R. Pre-trade planning records the entry, stop, target and size before you take a trade, then reconciles them against the fill, so the plan-versus-actual gap is measured for you. Gameplans hold your rules, tags and notes stay attached to each trade, and filters let you check results by setup, session or rule followed during your review.